An anal fistula is an infected canal that develops around the anus. This canal extends from the inside of the anus to the skin surface. It develops after an abscess. If left untreated, it can cause serious discomfort. It does not heal on its own. Anal fistula requires surgery.
In what cases is Anal Fistula Surgery Necessary?
An anal fistula is an infected canal that develops around the anus. It needs to be treated. Fistula often requires surgical intervention as it does not heal on its own. However, surgery is not mandatory in every case of anal fistula. Anal fistula usually develops as a result of an abscess. If the fistula causes chronic infection and the abscess occurs repeatedly, surgical intervention becomes mandatory. If the abscess is not drained or the fistula is not removed, the infection can progress to deep tissues. Fistula can cause pain that makes sitting or daily activities difficult. When the fistula duct becomes constantly irritated, the patient's quality of life decreases significantly and surgery may be the only solution. Some anal fistulas have deep and complex structures that specifically affect the anal muscles. In these cases, surgical intervention is necessary to prevent the spread of infection. In addition, surgery is important to preserve the functions of the region. Fistula can damage the anal muscles, causing fecal incontinence. In such cases, surgery is necessary to restore normal function of the anal area. Anal fistula surgery is necessary to prevent the spread of infection. It can also be applied to improve quality of life and prevent complications. Caution should be exercised when such symptoms are noticed. It is important to see a healthcare professional immediately.
How is Anal Fistula Surgery Performed?
Surgery is a surgical procedure to remove or close the infected canal around the anus. Different surgical techniques are applied depending on the type and complexity of the fistula. Its purpose is to completely clear the infection, close the fistula channel and preserve the function of the anal muscles. The patient's medical history is evaluated before surgery. A detailed examination of the anal area is performed. If necessary, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound can be used to clarify the nature and course of the fistula. The operation is performed under anesthesia. Fistulotomy is the most common method. The fistula channel is cut open and infected tissues are cleaned. The channel left open closes with the body's natural healing process. It is suitable for simple and superficial fistulas. The Seton Technique is preferred for more complex fistulas. A rope or elastic is placed in the fistula channel to ensure drainage of the infection. This method prevents damage to the anal muscles. In the LIFT Method, the inner part of the fistula is ligated and removed, preventing the spread of infection. It is a technique that minimizes muscle damage. In the Flap Procedure, the gap created after the fistula canal is removed is closed with tissue taken from another part of the body. After the surgery, the healing process is supported with painkillers and warm sitz baths. Fibrous foods should be consumed. Also, plenty of fluids should be taken. The healing process is monitored with regular check-ups. As a result, anal fistula surgery is performed with a method chosen according to the patient's condition and usually gives successful results.
Recovery Process After Anal Fistula Surgery
The recovery process after anal fistula surgery depends on the surgical method applied. The patient's general health also affects this process. During this period, an appropriate care plan is necessary to reduce the risk of infection, relieve pain and ensure full recovery. It is normal to have pain and tenderness in the first days. This condition can be controlled with painkillers. Light bleeding or discharge may also occur. These symptoms subside in a few days. To avoid constipation, foods rich in fiber should be consumed. Plenty of fluid also supports bowel movements. The anal area should not be strained during defecation. If the doctor deems it necessary, he may prescribe stool softening medications. Post-operative hygiene is of great importance. The area should be cleaned regularly to reduce the risk of infection. Additionally, dressings should be applied as recommended. Heavy physical activities should be avoided and sitting for long periods of time should be avoided. Attending regular check-up appointments is important to monitor the healing process. Severe pain, fever, or increased discharge may occur. In this case, a doctor should be consulted. These symptoms may be a sign of complications. The recovery process after anal fistula surgery usually takes several weeks. Following the doctor's recommendations and properly caring for the area will accelerate healing and reduce the risk of complications.